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Apollo Project |
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Apollo project was designed to land humans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth.
The missions of Apollo as follows:
Earth Orbit : Apollo 7, Apollo 9
Lunar Orbit : Apollo 8 , Apollo 10
Lunar Swingby : Apollo 13
Lunar Landing : Apollo 11 , Apollo 12 , Apollo 14 , Apollo 15 ,
Apollo 16 , Apollo 17.
Apollo 1 cause a huge setback when the fire struck the Apollo 1 Command module during a pre-flight test on the launch pad.
on January 27 , 1967 . American lost three of heroes Astronauts, Gus Grissom , Edward White , and Roger Chaffee.
Apollo 7 which tested the Command module . Apollo 9 which tested both Command module and Lunar module.
Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 tested various components while orbiting the Moon, and returned photography of thr Lunar surface.
Apollo 13 did not land on the Lunar surface due to malfunction.
Apollo 11 , First Lunar Landing : The voyage began at 9:32 a.m. EDT,
July 16, 1969 , when a saturn V rocket launched Apollo11 into Earth orbit from Cape Kennedy. After 1.5 orbits of the earth, third stage of
the saturn V refired to send Apollo on its outward journey to the moon.Shortly afterward, the command-service module, "COLUMBIA", seperated from the
saturn third stage,turned around,and connected nose to nose with the lunar module ," EAGLE " ,which had been stored in the third stage . With EAGLE attached to its nose ,
COLUMBIA draw away from the third stage and continued toward the MOON. On July 19 , Apollo 11 neared and went behind the MOON. At 1:28 p.m. EDT , it fired its service
module rocket to go into lunar orbit. After 24 hours in lunar orbit Armstrong and ALdrin seperated EAGLE from COLUMBIA , to prepare for descent to the lunar surface.
On July 20 at 4:18 p.m. EDT , the Lunar Module touched down on the Moon at Tranquility Base. Armstrong reported " The EAGLE has landed." and at 10:56 p.m. ,
Armstrong, descending from eagle ladder and touching one foot to the MOON SURFACE,announced: " that's one small step for a man , one giant leap for mankind ".
Aldrin soon joined Armstrong. Man's first venture on the lunar surface ended at 1:54 p.m.,July 21 when Armstrong and Aldrin lifted off from the MOON . They rejoined
Eagle to Columbia, in which Collins had waiting for them ,in lunar orbit. The Astronuats then fired their service module rocket to break from the moon gravitational
and heading for home. Finally they landed in the Pacific Ocean southwest of Hawaii at 12:51 p.m. EDT , July 24, 1969.
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Manned space flight for Apollo Project |
Dated Mission Crew Milestone |
January 27 , 1967 Apollo 1 Gus Grissom , Edward White , Roger Chaffee
Flash fire occured in command module during a launch pad test of the Apollo / Saturn space vehicle being prepared for the first piloted flight. Apollo 1 crew perished in the fire. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
October 11-22 , 1968 Apollo 7 Walter Schirra , Donn Eisele , Walter Cunningham Saturn IB 10 days, 20 hr. 9 min.
163 Earth orbits. First manned CSM operations in lunar landing program. First live TV broadcast from manned spacecraft. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
December 21-27 , 1968 Apollo 8 Frank Borman , James Lovell , William Anders Saturn V 6 days , 3 hrs.0 min. 42 sec.
In lunar orbits 20 hrs., with 10 orbits. First manned lunar orbital mission. Support facility tested. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
March 3-13 , 1969 Apollo 9 James McDivitt , David Scott , Russell Schweickart Saturn V 10 days 1 hrs.
First manned flight of all lunar hardware in earth orbit. Schweickark performed 37 min. EVA Human reaction to space and weightlessness tested in 152 orbits. First manned flight of lunar module. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
May 18-26 , 1969 Apollo 10 Thomas Stafford , John Young , Eugene ernan Saturn V 8 days 0 hr.3 min.23 sec.
Dress rehearsal for moon landing.First manned CSM / LM operations in lunar environment were performed. simulation of first lunar landing profile. In lunar orbit 61.6 hrs. with 31 orbits.
LM was flown to within 15,243 m.(15,000 feet) of lunar surface. First live Color TV from space . LM assent stage jettisoned in orbit. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Landing Site Milestone |
July 16-24 , 1969 Apollo11 Neil Armstrong , Michael Collins , Buzz Aldrin Saturn V 8 days 3 hrs. 18 min. Sea of Tranquility
First manned lunar landing mission and Lunar Surface EVA. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
November 14-24 , 1969 Apollo 12 Charles Conrad,jr. ,Richard Gordon,jr., Alan Bean Saturn V 10 days , 4 hrs.36 min.
Apollo 12 was the first opportunity in the scientific exporation of the moon to sample extensively from the rocks within 0.5 km.of landing site. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
April 11-17 , 1969 Apollo 13 James Lovell jr.,John Swigert jr.,Fred Haise jr. Saturn V 5 days 22 hrs. 54 min.
Apollo 13 was supposed to land in the lunar rigion of Fra Mauro, but this landing site was later reassigned to apollo 14. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
January 31-Febuary 9 , 1971 Apollo 14 Alan B Shepard jr. , Stuart A. Roosa , Edgar D.Mitchell Saturn V 9 days 1 min. 58 sec. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
July 26- August 7 , 1971 Apollo 15 David R.Scott , James B.Irwin , Alfred M. Worden Saturn V 12 days 7 hrs. 12 min.
Apollo 15 mission was the first mission designed to explore the moon over longer periods,Greater ranges and with more instruments for the collection of scientific data than on previous
mission. The mission included the introduction of lunar rovinf vehicle that reached a top speed of 16 kph (10 mph) across the moon surface. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
April 16-27 , 1972 Apollo 16 John Young. , Thomas Mattingly , Charles Duke,jr. Saturn V 11 days 1 hr. 51 min. |
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Dated Mission Crew Launch Vehicle Duration Milestone |
December 7-19 , 1972 Apollo 17 Eugene Ceman , Ronald Evans , Harrison Schmitt Saturn V 12 days 13 hrs. 52 min.
The exploration of the moon came to an end with the Apollo 17 mission . Many questions about lunar were answered during the intensive activity of the Apollo mission.
Some of the unanswered questions will be answer in the future . |
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^ US. Flag and Edwin E. Aldrin, jr. |
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^ Foot print on the moon |
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^ Buzz Aldrin from apollo 11 prepare to walk |
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^ Buzz Aldrin from apollo 11 |
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^ Apollo 11 Command Module |
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^ Moon surface from apollo 14 |
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^ Apollo 15 launch |
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^ Apollo 15 Vehicle on the moon |
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^ Moon surface from apollo 15 |
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^ Earth from apollo 15 |
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^ Apollo 16 Lunar Module |
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^ Astronuat John Young ,Apollo 16 |
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^ Apollo-16 Vehicle on the moon |
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^ Apollo-17 Vehicle on the moon |
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^ View from Apollo 17 |
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